134 distinct manuscript sources: 128 verified direct records and six labeled title searches. Eleven related records are included where they help resolve or contextualize a citation. Bibliographic verification identifies a paper; it does not validate every inference made from it.
145 source records
2026
Human case report
Reversible conversion of moderate obstructive sleep apnea to severe behavioral hyperventilation-induced central sleep apnea under pandemic-related psychological stress: a case report
18. Shiroshita N, Shiota S, Kawana F, et al. Reversible conversion of moderate obstructive sleep apnea to severe behavioral hyperventilation-induced central sleep apnea under pandemic-related psychological stress: a case report. Sleep Sci Pract. 2026;10:5.
Human laboratory dose-comparison study; 16 healthy volunteers
Effects of controlled carbon dioxide delivery by a novel device on sleep in healthy subjects
Liang SF, He BT, Wellman A, Chen YY, Wang Y, Deng XB, Vakulin A, Steier J, Schwartz AR, Luo YM. Effects of controlled carbon dioxide delivery by a novel device on sleep in healthy subjects. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2026;140(3):830-837. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01053.2025
The impact of 4% versus 3% hypopnea scoring criteria on obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis in women: a scoping review and commentary
1. Chou CA, Khan A, Singh A. The impact of 4% versus 3% hypopnea scoring criteria on obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis in women: a scoping review and commentary. Sleep Sci Pract. 2025;9(1):29.
The SIK3-N783Y mutation is associated with the human natural short sleep trait
Chen H, Xing Y, Wan C, Zhang Z, Shi Z, Liang Y, Jin C, Chen Y, Zhou X, Xu J, Ptáček LJ, Fu YH, Shi G. The SIK3-N783Y mutation is associated with the human natural short sleep trait. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2025;122(19):e2500356122. doi:10.1073/pnas.2500356122
The title and lead author initials in the supplied reference are inaccurate. Verified title is The SIK3-N783Y mutation is associated with the human natural short sleep trait; first authors Chen H, Xing Y, Wan C.
The cited preprint shorthand resolves to a peer-reviewed 2025 article with Liu as first author. The published anatomical characterization identifies putative human RTN neurons; it is not a functional intervention study.
Sleep patterns and risk of chronic disease as measured by long-term monitoring with commercial wearable devices in the All of Us Research Program
Zheng NS, Annis J, Master H, Han L, Gleichauf K, Ching JH, Nasser M, Coleman P, Desine S, Ruderfer DM, Hernandez J, Schneider LD, Brittain EL. Sleep patterns and risk of chronic disease as measured by long-term monitoring with commercial wearable devices in the All of Us Research Program. Nat Med. 2024;30(9):2648-2656. doi:10.1038/s41591-024-03155-8
Increased rates of brain protein synthesis during [N1,N2] sleep: L-[1-11C]leucine PET studies in human subjects
Picchioni D, Schmidt KC, Loutaev I, et al. Increased rates of brain protein synthesis during [N1,N2] sleep. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. 2023;43(1):59-71.
Enhanced expiratory rebreathing space for high loop gain sleep apnea treatment
Quinn T, Thomas RJ, Heckman EJ. Enhanced expiratory rebreathing space for high loop gain sleep apnea treatment. Front Sleep. 2023;2:1248371. doi:10.3389/frsle.2023.1248371
Orexin facilitates the ventilatory and behavioral responses of rats to hypoxia
Spinieli RL, Ben Musa R, Cornelius-Green J, Hasser EM, Cummings KJ. Orexin facilitates the ventilatory and behavioral responses of rats to hypoxia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2022;322(6):R581-R596. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00334.2021
Association of Sleep, Neuropsychological Performance, and Gray Matter Volume With Glymphatic Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Siow TK, Toh CH, Hsu JL, et al. Association of sleep, neuropsychological performance, and gray matter volume with glymphatic function. Neurology. 2022.
RNA-Seq analysis of knocking out the neuroprotective proton-sensitive GPR68 on basal and acute ischemia-induced transcriptome changes and signaling in mouse brain
Zhou G, Wang T, Zha XM. RNA-Seq analysis of knocking out the neuroprotective proton-sensitive GPR68 on basal and acute ischemia-induced transcriptome changes and signaling in mouse brain. FASEB J. 2021;35(4):e21461. doi:10.1096/fj.202002511r
Post-acquisition CO2 Inhalation Enhances Fear Memory and Depends on ASIC1A
Taugher RJ, Wunsch AM, Wang GZ, Chan AC, Dlouhy BJ, Wemmie JA. Post-acquisition CO2 Inhalation Enhances Fear Memory and Depends on ASIC1A. Front Behav Neurosci. 2021;15:767426. doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2021.767426
Effects of Cannabinoids on Sleep and their Therapeutic Potential for Sleep Disorders
Kaul M, Zee PC, Sahni AS. Effects of Cannabinoids on Sleep and their Therapeutic Potential for Sleep Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2021;18(1):217-227. doi:10.1007/s13311-021-01013-w
Effect of the new dual orexin receptor antagonist daridorexant on nighttime respiratory function and sleep in patients with mild and moderate obstructive sleep apnea
Boof ML, Dingemanse J, Lederer K, Fietze I, Ufer M. Effect of the new dual orexin receptor antagonist daridorexant on nighttime respiratory function and sleep in patients with mild and moderate obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep. 2021;44(6):zsaa275. doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaa275
Does iPhone night shift mitigate negative effects of smartphone use on sleep outcomes in emerging adults?
Duraccio KM, Zaugg KK, Blackburn RC, Jensen CD. Does iPhone night shift mitigate negative effects of smartphone use on sleep outcomes in emerging adults?. Sleep Health. 2021;7(4):478-484. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2021.03.005
Supplemental editorial source. Actigraphy outcomes do not establish null effects on REM stage physiology.
Related source · linked for context
2021
Review; relevant prior synthesis
Breathing Re-Education and Phenotypes of Sleep Apnea: A Review
McKeown P, O'Connor-Reina C, Plaza G. Breathing Re-Education and Phenotypes of Sleep Apnea: A Review. J Clin Med. 2021;10(3):471. doi:10.3390/jcm10030471
Orexin Receptor Antagonists as Emerging Treatments for Psychiatric Disorders
Han Y, Yuan K, Zheng Y, Lu L. Orexin Receptor Antagonists as Emerging Treatments for Psychiatric Disorders. Neurosci Bull. 2020;36(4):432-448. doi:10.1007/s12264-019-00447-9
Impact of Hypoventilation Training on Muscle Oxygenation, Myoelectrical Changes, Systemic [K<sup>+</sup>], and Repeated-Sprint Ability in Basketball Players
Lapointe J, Paradis-Deschênes P, Woorons X, Lemaître F, Billaut F. Impact of Hypoventilation Training on Muscle Oxygenation, Myoelectrical Changes, Systemic [K<sup>+</sup>], and Repeated-Sprint Ability in Basketball Players. Front Sports Act Living. 2020;2:29. doi:10.3389/fspor.2020.00029
Phenotyping Pharyngeal Pathophysiology using Polysomnography in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Sands SA, Edwards BA, Terrill PI, Taranto-Montemurro L, Azarbarzin A, Marques M, Hess LB, White DP, Wellman A. Phenotyping Pharyngeal Pathophysiology using Polysomnography in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018;197(9):1187-1197. doi:10.1164/rccm.201707-1435oc
Inherent vs. Induced Loop Gain Abnormalities in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Deacon-Diaz N, Malhotra A. Inherent vs. Induced Loop Gain Abnormalities in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Front Neurol. 2018;9:896. doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.00896
Small human physiological study with CPAP follow-up
Daytime loop gain is elevated in obstructive sleep apnea but not reduced by CPAP treatment
Deacon-Diaz NL, Sands SA, McEvoy RD, Catcheside PG. Daytime loop gain is elevated in obstructive sleep apnea but not reduced by CPAP treatment. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2018;125(5):1490-1497. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00175.2018
Human physiological association study; 20 participants
Breath-holding as a means to estimate the loop gain contribution to obstructive sleep apnoea
Messineo L, Taranto-Montemurro L, Azarbarzin A, Oliveira Marques MD, Calianese N, White DP, Wellman A, Sands SA. Breath-holding as a means to estimate the loop gain contribution to obstructive sleep apnoea. J Physiol. 2018;596(17):4043-4056. doi:10.1113/jp276206
Pharmacological recalibration reference gives a different title and incorrect volume/pages; verified article is 596(17):4043–4056. Maximal breath-hold testing was evaluated as a marker of loop gain, not as a therapeutic training intervention.
Respiratory Changes in Response to Cognitive Load: A Systematic Review
Grassmann M, Vlemincx E, von Leupoldt A, Mittelstädt JM, Van den Bergh O. Respiratory Changes in Response to Cognitive Load: A Systematic Review. Neural Plast. 2016;2016:8146809. doi:10.1155/2016/8146809
Orexinergic system in the locus coeruleus modulates the CO2 ventilatory response
Vicente MC, Dias MB, Fonseca EM, Bícego KC, Gargaglioni LH. Orexinergic system in the locus coeruleus modulates the CO2 ventilatory response. Pflugers Arch. 2016;468(5):763-774. doi:10.1007/s00424-016-1793-x
Intrathecal Intermittent Orexin-A Causes Sympathetic Long-Term Facilitation and Sensitizes the Peripheral Chemoreceptor Response to Hypoxia in Rats
Kim SJ, Pilowsky PM, Farnham MM. Intrathecal Intermittent Orexin-A Causes Sympathetic Long-Term Facilitation and Sensitizes the Peripheral Chemoreceptor Response to Hypoxia in Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2016;358(3):492-501. doi:10.1124/jpet.116.234443
Coexpression of Galanin and Nestin in the Chemoreceptor Cells of the Human Carotid Body
Mazzatenta A, Marconi GD, Macchi V, Porzionato A, Cataldi A, Di Giulio C, Pokorski M. Coexpression of Galanin and Nestin in the Chemoreceptor Cells of the Human Carotid Body. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2016;885:77-82. doi:10.1007/5584_2015_189
Changes in Galanin Systems in a Rat Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Barnabas K, Zhang L, Wang H, Kirouac G, Vrontakis M. Changes in Galanin Systems in a Rat Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PLoS One. 2016;11(12):e0167569. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0167569
Leng TD, Si HF, Li J, Yang T, Zhu M, Wang B, Simon RP, Xiong ZG. Amiloride Analogs as ASIC1a Inhibitors. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2016;22(6):468-476. doi:10.1111/cns.12524
Selective Expression of Galanin in Neuronal-Like Cells of the Human Carotid Body
Di Giulio C, Marconi GD, Zara S, Di Tano A, Porzionato A, Pokorski M, Cataldi A, Mazzatenta A. Selective Expression of Galanin in Neuronal-Like Cells of the Human Carotid Body. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2015;860:315-323. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-18440-1_36
Randomized within-participant human laboratory study
Evening use of light-emitting eReaders negatively affects sleep, circadian timing, and next-morning alertness
Chang AM, Aeschbach D, Duffy JF, Czeisler CA. Evening use of light-emitting eReaders negatively affects sleep, circadian timing, and next-morning alertness. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015;112(4):1232-1237. doi:10.1073/pnas.1418490112
Efficacy of paced breathing for insomnia: enhances vagal activity and improves sleep quality
Tsai HJ, Kuo TB, Lee GS, Yang CC. Efficacy of paced breathing for insomnia: enhances vagal activity and improves sleep quality. Psychophysiology. 2015;52(3):388-396. doi:10.1111/psyp.12333
Effects of suvorexant, an orexin receptor antagonist, on breathing during sleep in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Sun H, Palcza J, Rosenberg R, Kryger M, Siringhaus T, Rowe J, Lines C, Wagner JA, Troyer MD. Effects of suvorexant, an orexin receptor antagonist, on breathing during sleep in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med. 2015;109(3):416-426. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2014.12.010
Clinical Use of Loop Gain Measures to Determine Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Efficacy in Patients with Complex Sleep Apnea. A Pilot Study
Stanchina M, Robinson K, Corrao W, Donat W, Sands S, Malhotra A. Clinical Use of Loop Gain Measures to Determine Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Efficacy in Patients with Complex Sleep Apnea. A Pilot Study. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2015;12(9):1351-1357. doi:10.1513/annalsats.201410-469bc
Goldstein AN, Walker MP. The role of sleep in emotional brain function. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2014;10:679-708. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153716
The effects of cannabinoid administration on sleep: a systematic review of human studies
Gates PJ, Albertella L, Copeland J. The effects of cannabinoid administration on sleep: a systematic review of human studies. Sleep Med Rev. 2014;18(6):477-487. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2014.02.005
The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis is critical for anxiety-related behavior evoked by CO2 and acidosis
Taugher RJ, Lu Y, Wang Y, Kreple CJ, Ghobbeh A, Fan R, Sowers LP, Wemmie JA. The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis is critical for anxiety-related behavior evoked by CO2 and acidosis. J Neurosci. 2014;34(31):10247-10255. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1680-14.2014
Relationship between delta power and the electrocardiogram-derived cardiopulmonary spectrogram: possible implications for assessing the effectiveness of sleep
Thomas RJ, Mietus JE, Peng CK, Guo D, Gozal D, Montgomery-Downs H, Gottlieb DJ, Wang CY, Goldberger AL. Relationship between delta power and the electrocardiogram-derived cardiopulmonary spectrogram. Sleep Medicine. 2014;15(1):125-131.
Motivational activation: a unifying hypothesis of orexin/hypocretin function
Mahler SV, Moorman DE, Smith RJ, James MH, Aston-Jones G. Motivational activation: a unifying hypothesis of orexin/hypocretin function. Nat Neurosci. 2014;17(10):1298-1303. doi:10.1038/nn.3810
Verified related source. Original citation title/authors/journal/pages could not be matched exactly; do not silently treat this as the same citation.
Related source · linked for context
2014
Research article
A novel BHLHE41 variant is associated with short sleep and resistance to sleep deprivation in humans
Pellegrino R, Kavakli IH, Goel N, Cardinale CJ, Dinges DF, Kuna ST, Maislin G, Van Dongen HP, Tufik S, Hogenesch JB, Hakonarson H, Pack AI. A novel BHLHE41 variant is associated with short sleep and resistance to sleep deprivation in humans. Sleep. 2014;37(8):1327-1336. doi:10.5665/sleep.3924
Loss of Acid sensing ion channel-1a and bicarbonate administration attenuate the severity of traumatic brain injury
Yin T, Lindley TE, Albert GW, Ahmed R, Schmeiser PB, Grady MS, Howard MA, Welsh MJ. Loss of Acid sensing ion channel-1a and bicarbonate administration attenuate the severity of traumatic brain injury. PLoS One. 2013;8(8):e72379. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0072379
Insomnia with objective short sleep duration: the most biologically severe phenotype of the disorder
Vgontzas AN, Fernandez-Mendoza J, et al. Insomnia with objective short sleep duration: the most biologically severe phenotype. Sleep Medicine Reviews. 2013.
Defining phenotypic causes of obstructive sleep apnea. Identification of novel therapeutic targets
Eckert DJ, White DP, Jordan AS, Malhotra A, Wellman A. Defining phenotypic causes of obstructive sleep apnea. Identification of novel therapeutic targets. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;188(8):996-1004. doi:10.1164/rccm.201303-0448oc
Cerebral arterial pulsation drives paravascular CSF-interstitial fluid exchange in the murine brain
Iliff JJ, Wang M, Zeppenfeld DM, Venkataraman A, Plog BA, Liao Y, Deane R, Nedergaard M. Cerebral arterial pulsation drives paravascular CSF-interstitial fluid exchange in the murine brain. J Neurosci. 2013;33(46):18190-18199. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1592-13.2013
Role of central/peripheral chemoreceptors and their interdependence in the pathophysiology of sleep apnea
Dempsey JA, Smith CA, Blain GM, Xie A, Gong Y, Teodorescu M. Role of central/peripheral chemoreceptors and their interdependence in the pathophysiology of sleep apnea. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2012;758:343-349. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4584-1_46
Receptor subtype-dependent galanin actions on gamma-aminobutyric acidergic neurotransmission and ethanol responses in the central amygdala
Bajo M, Madamba SG, Lu X, Sharkey LM, Bartfai T, Siggins GR. Receptor subtype-dependent galanin actions on gamma-aminobutyric acidergic neurotransmission and ethanol responses in the central amygdala. Addict Biol. 2012;17(4):694-705. doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00360.x
Behavioural hyperventilation as a novel clinical condition associated with central sleep apnoea: a report of three cases
Pevernagie D, Mariman A, Vandenbussche N, Tobback E, Overeem S, Delesie L, Janssen H, Vogelaers D. Behavioural hyperventilation as a novel clinical condition associated with central sleep apnoea: a report of three cases. Sleep Med. 2012;13(10):1317-1320. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2012.08.007
A Moderate Increase of Physiological CO(2) in a Critical Range during Stable NREM Sleep Episode: A Potential Gateway to REM Sleep
Madan V, Jha SK. A Moderate Increase of Physiological CO(2) in a Critical Range during Stable NREM Sleep Episode: A Potential Gateway to REM Sleep. Front Neurol. 2012;3:19. doi:10.3389/fneur.2012.00019
36. Carskadon MA, Dement WC. Normal human sleep: an overview. In: Kryger MH, Roth T, Dement WC, eds. Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine. 5th ed. Elsevier Saunders; 2011:16-26.
Loop gain as a means to predict a positive airway pressure suppression of Cheyne-Stokes respiration in patients with heart failure
Sands SA, Edwards BA, Kee K, Turton A, Skuza EM, Roebuck T, O'Driscoll DM, Hamilton GS, Naughton MT, Berger PJ. Loop gain as a means to predict a positive airway pressure suppression of Cheyne-Stokes respiration in patients with heart failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;184(9):1067-1075. doi:10.1164/rccm.201103-0577oc
Extracellular spermine exacerbates ischemic neuronal injury through sensitization of ASIC1a channels to extracellular acidosis
Duan B, Wang YZ, Yang T, Chu XP, Yu Y, Huang Y, Cao H, Hansen J, Simon RP, Zhu MX, Xiong ZG, Xu TL. Extracellular spermine exacerbates ischemic neuronal injury through sensitization of ASIC1a channels to extracellular acidosis. J Neurosci. 2011;31(6):2101-2112. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4351-10.2011
Sleep duration and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies
Cappuccio FP, D'Elia L, Strazzullo P, Miller MA. Sleep duration and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep. 2010;33(5):585-592.
Respiratory, autonomic, and experiential responses to repeated inhalations of 20% CO₂ enriched air in panic disorder, social phobia, and healthy controls
Blechert J, Wilhelm FH, Meuret AE, Wilhelm EM, Roth WT. Respiratory, autonomic, and experiential responses to repeated inhalations of 20% CO₂ enriched air in panic disorder, social phobia, and healthy controls. Biol Psychol. 2010;84(1):104-111. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.01.002
Expression and distribution of galanin receptor subtypes in the rat carotid body
Porzionato A, Macchi V, Barzon L, Masi G, Belloni A, Parenti A, Palù G, De Caro R. Expression and distribution of galanin receptor subtypes in the rat carotid body. Mol Med Rep. 2010;3(1):37-41. doi:10.3892/mmr_00000215
Antagonism of rat orexin receptors by almorexant attenuates central chemoreception in wakefulness in the active period of the diurnal cycle
Li A, Nattie E. Antagonism of rat orexin receptors by almorexant attenuates central chemoreception in wakefulness in the active period of the diurnal cycle. J Physiol. 2010;588(Pt 15):2935-2944. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2010.191288
The transcriptional repressor DEC2 regulates sleep length in mammals
He Y, Jones CR, Fujiki N, Xu Y, Guo B, Holder JL, Rossner MJ, Nishino S, Fu YH. The transcriptional repressor DEC2 regulates sleep length in mammals. Science. 2009;325(5942):866-870. doi:10.1126/science.1174443
The amygdala is a chemosensor that detects carbon dioxide and acidosis to elicit fear behavior
Ziemann AE, Allen JE, Dahdaleh NS, Drebot II, Coryell MW, Wunsch AM, Lynch CM, Faraci FM, Howard MA, Welsh MJ, Wemmie JA. The amygdala is a chemosensor that detects carbon dioxide and acidosis to elicit fear behavior. Cell. 2009;139(5):1012-1021. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.10.029
Galanin microinjection into the PreBötzinger or the Bötzinger Complex terminates central inspiratory activity and reduces responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia in rat
Abbott SB, Burke PG, Pilowsky PM. Galanin microinjection into the PreBötzinger or the Bötzinger Complex terminates central inspiratory activity and reduces responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia in rat. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2009;167(3):299-306. doi:10.1016/j.resp.2009.06.003
Facilitation of fear extinction in phobic participants with a novel cognitive enhancer: a randomized placebo controlled trial of yohimbine augmentation
12. Powers MB, Smits JAJ, Otto MW, Sanders C, Emmelkamp PMG (2009). Facilitation of fear extinction in phobic participants with a novel cognitive enhancer. J Anxiety Disord, 23(6):741-745.
Ventilatory long-term facilitation in mice can be observed during both sleep and wake periods and depends on orexin
Terada J, Nakamura A, Zhang W, Yanagisawa M, Kuriyama T, Fukuda Y, Kuwaki T. Ventilatory long-term facilitation in mice can be observed during both sleep and wake periods and depends on orexin. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2008;104(2):499-507. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00919.2007
Self-reported and measured sleep duration: how similar are they?
Lauderdale DS, Knutson KL, Yan LL, Liu K, Rathouz PJ. Self-reported and measured sleep duration: how similar are they?. Epidemiology. 2008;19(6):838-845. doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e318187a7b0
Control of hypothalamic orexin neurons by acid and CO2
Williams RH, Jensen LT, Verkhratsky A, Fugger L, Burdakov D. Control of hypothalamic orexin neurons by acid and CO2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007;104(25):10685-10690. doi:10.1073/pnas.0702676104
Role of acid-base balance in the chemoreflex control of breathing
Duffin J. Role of acid-base balance in the chemoreflex control of breathing. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2005;99(6):2255-2265. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00640.2005
An electrocardiogram-based technique to assess cardiopulmonary coupling during sleep
Thomas RJ, Mietus JE, Peng CK, Goldberger AL. An electrocardiogram-based technique to assess cardiopulmonary coupling during sleep. Sleep. 2005;28(9):1151-1161. doi:10.1093/sleep/28.9.1151
Red blood cell pH, the Bohr effect, and other oxygenation-linked phenomena in blood O2 and CO2 transport
Jensen FB. Red blood cell pH, the Bohr effect, and other oxygenation-linked phenomena in blood O2 and CO2 transport. Acta Physiol Scand. 2004;182(3):215-227. doi:10.1111/j.1365-201x.2004.01361.x
Meta-analysis of quantitative sleep parameters from childhood to old age in healthy individuals: developing normative sleep values across the human lifespan
Ohayon MM, Carskadon MA, Guilleminault C, Vitiello MV. Meta-analysis of quantitative sleep parameters from childhood to old age. Sleep. 2004;27(7):1255-1273.
Hypoxia-mediated prolonged elevation of sympathetic nerve activity after periods of intermittent hypoxic apnea
Cutler MJ, Swift NM, Keller DM, Wasmund WL, Smith ML. Hypoxia-mediated prolonged elevation of sympathetic nerve activity after periods of intermittent hypoxic apnea. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2004;96(2):754-761. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00506.2003
Effects of mental workload stress on end-tidal CO2 in computer work
16. Schleifer LM, Spalding TW, Hatfield BD, Kerick SE, Ley R. Effects of mental workload stress on end-tidal CO2 in computer work. Biol Psychol. 2003;62:234-235. (Related: Schleifer LM, Ley R. End-tidal PCO2 as an index of psychophysiological activity during VDT data-entry work and relaxation. Ergonomics. 1994;37(2):245-254; Schleifer LM, Ley R, Spalding TW. A hyperventilation theory of job stress and musculoskeletal disorders. Am J Ind Med. 2002;41(5):420-432.)
Combined treatment with acetazolamide and medroxyprogesterone in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients
Wagenaar M, Vos PJ, Heijdra YF, Teppema LJ, Folgering HT. Combined treatment with acetazolamide and medroxyprogesterone in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Eur Respir J. 2002;20(5):1130-1137. doi:10.1183/09031936.02.00016402
Slow breathing reduces chemoreflex response to hypoxia and hypercapnia, and increases baroreflex sensitivity
Bernardi L, Gabutti A, Porta C, Spicuzza L. Slow breathing reduces chemoreflex response to hypoxia and hypercapnia, and increases baroreflex sensitivity. J Hypertens. 2001;19(12):2221-2229. doi:10.1097/00004872-200112000-00016
Chemical control stability in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Younes M, Ostrowski M, Thompson W, Leslie C, Shewchuk W. Chemical control stability in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163(5):1181-1190. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.163.5.2007013
An energy budget for signaling in the grey matter of the brain
Attwell D, Laughlin SB. An energy budget for signaling in the grey matter of the brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2001;21(10):1133-1145. doi:10.1097/00004647-200110000-00001
Yoga and chemoreflex response to hypoxia and hypercapnia
Spicuzza L, Gabutti A, Porta C, Montano N, Bernardi L. Yoga and chemoreflex response to hypoxia and hypercapnia. Lancet. 2000;356(9240):1495-1496. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02881-6
Human passive-hyperventilation physiology experiment
Ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia after 6 h passive hyperventilation in humans
Ren X, Robbins PA. Ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia after 6 h passive hyperventilation in humans. J Physiol. 1999;514 ( Pt 3):885-894. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.885ad.x
Response patterns to repeated CO2 inhalation in individuals with high anxiety sensitivity
Beck JG, Shipherd JC, Read J. Response patterns to repeated CO2 inhalation in individuals with high anxiety sensitivity. Behav Res Ther. 1999;37(11):1073-1089. doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00196-x
Actions of caffeine in the brain with special reference to factors that contribute to its widespread use
Fredholm BB, Bättig K, Holmén J, Nehlig A, Zvartau EE. Actions of caffeine in the brain with special reference to factors that contribute to its widespread use. Pharmacol Rev. 1999;51(1):83-133. doi:10.1016/s0031-6997(24)01396-6
Central sleep apnea after interrupting longterm acetazolamide therapy
Verbraecken J, Willemen M, De Cock W, Coen E, Van de Heyning P, De Backer W. Central sleep apnea after interrupting longterm acetazolamide therapy. Respir Physiol. 1998;112(1):59-70. doi:10.1016/s0034-5687(98)00010-3
Short and long sleepers: is the quest for sleep need just a matter of time?
Dijk DJ, Aeschbach D. Short and long sleepers: is the quest for sleep need just a matter of time? Sleep. 1996 (data reported in Aeschbach et al., J Neurosci, 1996;16:6465-6475).
Homeostatic sleep regulation in habitual short sleepers and long sleepers
Aeschbach D, Cajochen C, Landolt H, Borbély AA. Homeostatic sleep regulation in habitual short sleepers and long sleepers. Am J Physiol. 1996;270(1 Pt 2):R41-53. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1996.270.1.r41
Contribution of the circadian pacemaker and the sleep homeostat to sleep propensity, sleep structure, electroencephalographic slow waves, and sleep spindle activity in humans
Dijk DJ, Czeisler CA. Contribution of the circadian pacemaker and the sleep homeostat to sleep propensity, sleep structure, electroencephalographic slow waves, and sleep spindle activity in humans. J Neurosci. 1995;15(5 Pt 1):3526-3538. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.15-05-03526.1995
Central apnea index decreases after prolonged treatment with acetazolamide
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Supplemental editorial source. Indication is postpartum depression in adults; mechanism in PPD is not fully understood. Current online label accessed 18 October 2026; do not treat access year as the label publication year.
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