AHI
Apnea–hypopnea index: scored apneas and hypopneas per hour of sleep. It is an event index rather than a complete description of sleep restoration.
Read in contextSourceGlossary
A language for the mechanism.
Thirty terms used across the papers, explained in the context of the research.
Apneic threshold
The carbon dioxide (CO₂) level below which central respiratory drive may cease in a given sleep and experimental context.
Read in contextSourceArousal load
The intensity and pattern of cognitive or emotional engagement proposed to drive physiological arousal. It is distinct from elapsed screen time.
Read in contextASIC1a
An acid-sensing ion-channel subunit studied in neural function and fear-related responses. Its relevance is assessed in the standalone amygdala track.
Read in contextBicarbonate
A major component of acid-base regulation. Sustained changes in breathing can produce compensatory changes in bicarbonate handling.
Read in contextSourceCardiopulmonary coupling
Cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC) analyzes relationships between cardiac and respiratory-related signals to characterize sleep stability.
Read in contextSourceChemoreflex
The feedback response through which changes in chemical variables such as CO₂, pH, and oxygen influence breathing.
Read in contextSourceControl pause
A voluntary post-exhalation holding measure with a specified endpoint. Different holding protocols are not interchangeable.
Read in contextSourceController gain
The responsiveness of ventilatory drive to a chemical disturbance. It is one part of the feedback loop.
Read in contextSourceCO₂ reserve
The difference between the sleeping eupneic CO₂ level and the apneic threshold under the specified conditions.
Read in contextSourceEnd-tidal CO₂
Carbon dioxide measured at the end of exhalation. It is a respiratory measurement whose relationship to arterial CO₂ depends on the context.
Read in contextSourceHigh-frequency coupling
A cardiopulmonary-coupling signature associated with stable non-REM sleep in the cited framework.
Read in contextSourceHyperventilation
Ventilation in excess of metabolic requirement, which lowers arterial carbon dioxide. It is not synonymous with fast breathing.
Read in contextSourceHypocapnia
A carbon dioxide level below the relevant normal or baseline physiological range.
Read in contextSourceLoop gain
A measure of the feedback system’s response relative to a disturbance, with dependence on the measurement method and timescale.
Read in contextSourceMediation
A causal pathway through which an exposure affects an outcome. The proposed emotional route is mediated by respiratory change and sleep disruption.
Read in contextMinute ventilation
The volume of air moved in and out of the lungs per minute, determined by breathing frequency and tidal volume.
Read in contextSourceModeration
An interaction in which the effect of one variable depends on another. Here, baseline respiratory stability is proposed to alter the sleep effect of acute evening arousal.
Read in contextN-of-1 account
A record concerning one individual. A longitudinal personal account is not automatically a randomized N-of-1 trial.
Read in contextNeuroplasticity
A durable change in nervous-system function or structure. Acute symptom suppression alone does not establish such a change.
Read in contextNon-REM sleep
Non-REM (NREM) sleep: stages N1, N2, and N3. The framework focuses on continuity and respiratory stability within these states.
Read in contextSourceOrexin
A hypothalamic neuropeptide system involved in arousal and other functions, including modulation of breathing.
Read in contextSourcePaCO₂
The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood. It is not directly measured by a breath-hold test.
Read in contextSourcePlant gain
How strongly a change in ventilation changes blood gases in the system being controlled. It is distinct from neural controller responsiveness.
Read in contextSourceRebreathing / EERS
Methods that alter inhaled gas or expiratory space. Clinical implementation is separate from the explanatory models on this site.
Read in contextREM access
The opportunity to reach and sustain REM as the sleep sequence develops. The current theory distinguishes impaired access from direct respiratory instability within REM.
Read in contextRestorative throughput
The proposed functional yield of sleep as affected by its continuity and stability. It is a construct to evaluate with physiological and daytime outcomes.
Read in contextRetrotrapezoid nucleus
A brainstem region containing neurons important in respiratory chemoreception.
Read in contextSourceSlow-wave activity
EEG activity in the slow-frequency range, used to study aspects of non-REM sleep physiology. It is not identical to a consumer device’s deep-sleep estimate.
Read in contextSourceVentilation–metabolism mismatch
Ventilation greater than needed to clear the carbon dioxide produced by metabolism. Demonstrating it requires measuring ventilation and metabolic output together.
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